Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome

Synonyms

Metabolic syndrome X
AOMS1

Overview

Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome is a syndrome characterized by a group of conditions that are considered major risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms

The list of signs and symptoms mentioned in various sources for Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome includes 

  • High body mass index
  • Excessive waist circumference
  • Abdominal obesity
  • High waist/hip ratio
  • High blood pressure
  • High triglyceride level
  • Low HDL cholesterol level
  • High prothrombin level
  • Microalbuminuria
  • Abnormal fasting glucose
  • Impaired glucose tolerance
  • Insulin resistance

Causes

  • Exogenous obesity (most common) –No demonstrable disease as the cause –Excessive weight gain from imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure –Linear growth is robust and frequently accelerated
  • Hormonal causes –Associated with poor linear growth –Hypercortisolism: Cushing syndrome is any type of glucocorticoid excess (endogenous or exogenous); Cushing disease describes pituitary ACTH overproduction –Hypothyroidism –Growth hormone deficiency
  • Insulinoma
  • Hypothalamic obesity –Tumors (e.g., craniopharyngiomas) –Following neurosurgery or irradiation –Head trauma –Infiltrative/inflammatory
  • Genetic syndromes –Prader-Willi syndrome –Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome –Alström syndrome –Cohen syndrome –Down syndrome –Carpenter syndrome –Grebe syndrome –Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome o Defects in metabolic/eating regulatory pathways is an area of intense investigation; multiple mutations are theoretically possible, but only a few have actually been discovered in humans –Congenital leptin deficiency (extremely rare) –Leptin resistance (more common than deficiency)
  • Drugs –Chronic glucocorticoids –Neuropsychotropic medications o Adiposogenital dystrophy syndrome

Diagnosis

These home medical tests may be relevant to Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome:

  • High Cholesterol: Home Testing; Home Cholesterol Tests; Home Triglycerides Tests; Home Blood Pressure Tests
  • High Blood Pressure;Home Testing o Home Blood Pressure Monitors o Home Heart Tests
  • Heart Health: Home Testing: o Heart Rate Monitors o Irregular Heartbeat Detection o Heart Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • Thyroid: Home Testing: o Home Thyroid Function Tests o Home TSH Tests o Home Adrenal Function Tests
  • Diet & Weight Loss: Home Testing: o Home Weight Testing o Home Body Fat Testing (BMI) o Home Body Fat Monitoring o Home Fitness Testing
  • Diabetes: Related Home Testing: o Home Diabetes Tests o Home Blood Glucose Tests o Home Urine Glucose Tests o Home Urine Ketone Tests o Home Diabetes HbA1c Tests o Home Microalbumin Tests (Kidney) o Home Urine Protein Tests (Kidney) o Home Kidney Tests o Home Eye Tests

Treatment

  • If syndrome or no known disease as etiology –Nutritional education and diet manipulation –Exercise regimen (energy expenditure must exceed intake) –Behavior modification involving family
  • Hormonal etiology –Hormone replacement for hypothyroidism or growth hormone deficiency –Surgical intervention if hypercortisolism caused by tumor –Decrease exogeneous glucorticoids if not medically contraindicated

* Leptin treatment in leptin deficiency (therapeutic trials)

* If patient also has type II diabetes mellitus, insulin or oral medications may be required in addition to improved diet and exercise

Resources

  • NIH