Chromosome 4- partial trisomy distal 4q
Overview
Synonyms of Chromosome 4, Partial Trisomy Distal 4q * Chromosome 4, Partial Trisomy 4q (4q21-qter to 4q32-qter, included) * Chromosome 4, Partial Trisomy 4q (4q2 and 4q3, included) * Distal 4q Trisomy * Dup(4q) Syndrome, Partial * Duplication 4q Syndrome, Partial * Partial Trisomy 4q Sayndrome Chromosome 4, Partial Trisomy Distal 4q is a rare chromosomal disorder in which a portion of the fourth chromosome appears three times (trisomy) rather than twice in cells of the body.
Symptoms
Associated symptoms and findings may vary from case to case. However, common features include growth deficiency; mental retardation; distinctive malformations of the skull and facial (craniofacial) region, including an unusually small head (microcephaly), malformed ears, and a prominent nasal bridge; and/or defects of the hands and feet.
Causes
In some cases, additional physical abnormalities may also be present, such as structural defects of the heart that are present at birth (congenital heart defects); genital abnormalities in affected males; urinary tract defects; and/or other findings. In most cases, the trisomy appears to result from a balanced chromosomal rearrangement in one of the parents; rarely, it is thought to arise from spontaneous (de novo) errors very early in embryonic development that occur for unknown reasons (sporadically).