Papillorenal syndrome

Overview

A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney disease and a gap in the optic nerve which causes vision problems

Symptoms

* Underdeveloped kidneys * Small kidneys * Gap in the optic nerve * Excess protein in the urine * Oedema * Urethral anomalies * Vesicoureteral reflux * Kidney failure * Impaired vision

Causes

Diabetes and hypertension are the primary causes of chronic renal failure, accounting for two-thirds of cases. Other causes of chronic renal failure include: - chronic glomerular disease such as glomerulonephritis - chronic infections, such as chronic pyelonephritis or tuberculosis - congenital anomalies such as polycystic kidneys - vascular diseases such as renal nephrosclerosis - obstructive processes such as calculi - collagen diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus - nephrotoxic agents such as long-term aminoglycoside therapy.

Diagnosis

Assessment of the renal and urologic systems begins with an accurate patient history and requires a thorough physical examination and certain laboratory data and test results from invasive and noninvasive procedures. When obtaining a patient history, ask about symptoms that pertain specifically to the pathology of the renal and urologic systems, such as frequency or urgency, and about the presence of any systemic diseases that can produce renal or urologic dysfunction, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or bladder infections. Family history may also suggest a genetic predisposition to certain renal diseases, such as glomerulonephritis or polycystic kidney disease.

Treatment

Kidney transplant

Resources

Papillorenal syndrome: Another name for Optic nerve coloboma with renal disease